Chef Nicholas
Embryonic stem cells in mice
1998
Human embryonic stem cells
1981
Martin Evans of Cardiff University, UK
James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin in Madison and John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University in isolated human embryonic stem cells and grow them in the lab.
2006
Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University in Japan revealed a way of making embryonic like cells from adult cells avoiding the need to destroy an embryo.
Induced pluripotent stem cells
1997
Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute, Edinburgh rea vealed Dolly The sheep
2001
Limiting research on human embryonic system
But President Bush allowed continued research on human embryonic stem cells lines that were created before the restrictions were announced.
2007
Novel Prize
Evans, Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies shared the Nobel prize for medicine on work on genetics and embryonic stem cells.
2012, Another NobelYamanaka wins a Nobel prize for creating induced pluripotent stem cells, which he shares with John Gurdon of the University of Cambridge.
TIMELINE
Embryonic stem cells in mice
1998
Human embryonic stem cells
1981
Martin Evans of Cardiff University, UK was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells.
James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin in Madison and John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University in isolated human embryonic stem cells and grow them in the lab.
2006
Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University in Japan revealed a way of making embryonic like cells from adult cells avoiding the need to destroy an embryo.
Induced pluripotent stem cells
2013
Therapeutic cloning
Shoukhrat Mitalipov at the Oregon National Primate Research Center in Beaverton and his colleagues produce human embryonic stem cells from fetal cells using therapeutic cloning
1997
Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute, Edinburgh rea vealed Dolly The sheep
2001
Limiting research on human embryonic system
But President Bush allowed continued research on human embryonic stem cells lines that were created before the restrictions were announced.
2010
Pratical use of human pluripotent stems
A person with spinal injury was given a medical treatment taken from human embryonic stem cells for the first time by Geron of Menlo Park, California, a pioneering company for human therapies of embryonic stem cell.
2014
Therapeutic cloning with adult cells
Teams led by Dieter Egli of the New York Stem Cell Foundation and Young Gie Chung from CHA University in Seoul, South Korea, independently produce human embryonic stem cells from adult cells, using therapeutic cloning. It is said that the cells could be used to replace those lost to the disease.
2014
The world first trial
Masayo Takahashi at the same Riken centre is due to select patients for what promises to be the world’s first trial of a therapy based on induced pluripotent stem cells, to treat a form of age-related blindness
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BIOLOGIST/PHISIOLOGYST
Martin Evans
Ian Wilmut
James Thomson
Shinya Yamamoto
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